Which materials are incompatible with steam sterilization?

Steam sterilization is a method that uses high-pressure steam to kill pathogenic microorganisms and is effective with certain materials. However, some substances cannot withstand the conditions required for effective steam sterilization or may compromise the sterilization process itself.

The correct choice highlights that oily substances, waxes, and certain plastics can interfere with the steam sterilization process. These materials can create a barrier to steam penetration, which is crucial for achieving the necessary temperature and moisture levels throughout the items being sterilized. Oily substances and waxes do not allow steam to contact surfaces effectively, which prevents the heat from getting to the microorganisms that need to be destroyed. Certain types of plastics may melt or deform under the high temperatures and pressures of steam sterilization, compromising both the integrity of the item and the effectiveness of the sterilization process.

Conversely, glass and metal can generally withstand the conditions of steam sterilization without losing their structural integrity or effectiveness. Similarly, paper and cloth are often used as wrappers or barriers that can allow steam to penetrate while providing a drying mechanism after sterilization. Wood and rubber also have characteristics that may not allow for effective sterilization in the same way, but they are often handled differently than the materials listed in the correct choice. Thus, the selection