Which method is commonly used for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical instruments?

Ethylene oxide gas sterilization is often the preferred method for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical instruments because it operates at low temperatures and is effective at penetrating complex instruments and packaging materials. This method is particularly advantageous for items made of plastics or other materials that cannot withstand the high temperatures associated with steam sterilization or dry heat sterilization.

Ethylene oxide works by disrupting the DNA and RNA of microorganisms, effectively sterilizing the instruments without damaging delicate components. The process typically involves exposing the items to ethylene oxide gas in a controlled chamber under specific conditions, including humidity and temperature, to maximize efficacy. Following the gas exposure, a thorough aeration process is necessary to remove any residual gas, ensuring that instruments are safe for use.

In contrast, steam sterilization uses high temperatures and steam to achieve sterilization, which is not suitable for heat-sensitive materials. Radiation sterilization is mainly used for single-use medical supplies and is less common in reprocessing equipment. Dry heat sterilization relies on high temperatures for longer periods, which can also damage heat-sensitive items. Each method has its specific applications, but ethylene oxide is best positioned for preserving the integrity of delicate instruments during the sterilization process.