Which of the following best describes the process of ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization?

The process of ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization is best described as utilizing a gas to sterilize heat-sensitive items. Ethylene oxide is a chemical agent that can penetrate materials and effectively sterilize items that cannot withstand high temperatures or moisture, such as certain plastics or delicate medical instruments. This makes EO sterilization particularly valuable in healthcare settings for items that require sterilization but cannot undergo steam sterilization due to the risk of damage.

In this method, the items to be sterilized are exposed to ethylene oxide gas in a controlled environment, where the gas penetrates packaging and materials to achieve sterilization by disrupting the cellular function of microorganisms. The process typically involves a series of steps, including pre-conditioning, aeration, and a fumigation phase where the gas is allowed to act on the items for a specified duration.

Other sterilization methods mentioned, such as high temperature and pressure or steam and water, are not applicable to EO sterilization, as they pertain to different techniques like steam sterilization (autoclaving) that are used for heat-stable items. Additionally, ultraviolet light sterilization operates on a different principle through radiation, rather than gas exposure. Therefore, the nature of EO as a gas sterilant makes it the most accurate